He pai ake ngā pōtī kāpura mō ngā pēpi i ngā pōtī pākākā?

Ka tae ki ngā pūtōki ā-pēpē, he nui ngā whiwhinga i te pātai nei: He pai rawa te pūtōki kiriware i te kiriwhakairo? Ko tēnei he take nui mō ngā mātua – ā, mōu hoki hei kaiwhakawhiti i ōu rārangi mahi. Kei ia rua whakaaetanga ōna kea pai. Ko te kiriware e tuku ai i te wairite me te rohu, ko te kiriwhakairo e tuku ai i te manahe me te whiuhere i ngā pūnaha. Hei aha rā anō ka tirohia e koe i ngā hiahia o ōu kaimahi me ngā hiahia o te paerewa? I tēnei pukapuka, ka whakatūmuhia e mātau ngā whakarerekētanga – mai i te haumangaroa me te whakamahi ki te utu me te tiaki whenua – kia āhei koe ki te whakatau i te hunga e pai ai ki tōu rautaki pākete me tōu tuarua.

1. Te whakapuare i te hanganga me te haumangaroa

Ko te hanga o te pūtōki ā-pēpē kei te tūruarua i te oranga o te tamariki. Tēnā kitea mai mua ngā whakapuare o te kiriware me te kiriwhakairo, ā, ngā mate haumangaroa e taea ana, inā te take ā-rewa me te tahua microplastic.

1.1 Pūtōki kiriware: te 'kaikāwā' nui matihiko me te tūroro

Nō te maramara pēpi, ka whai wāhanga i te kiri ahu o ngā kura rere ki te kiri hāwhe rere rānei.

• Kiriata Borosilicate: Kei tēnei kura rere he taurite e tika ana i te 15% o te uru hā o te boron, he iti rawa te tauwhakarite hā o te wāhi, ā, he mea nui rawa te whiuaro ki te hā o te wā. Ki te whakatūria mai i te haukuru me te whakatakoto tonu i te wai mārō, kaore i te mohio kia maroke. I runga anō, he haumaru noa te kura rere borosilicate i te take whenua, kaore he mea hāngai ki te ora. He mea nui rawa hei whakawhanaunga i te kai, ā, ka whakamahi hoki ngā wāhi rangahau i tēnei hei taonga mō ngā momo whenua huarere!
• Kōpae Whakarewa: Ki te whakamahia i te whakamātau hāpori matemataki, te waipiro herehere me te whakangungu take, ka noho pai rawa te whiuaro hā, engari ka heke iho tonu tana paenga ki te kura rere borosilicate i te wā e kitea ai ngā panoni wā.

Te uaua nui rawa o ngā pūpure kiriwhara he mea nui te whakatika i te whiuwhiua rite. Ki te hangaia ki te wera, ki te taki tonu ki roto i te wai māhana, koia nei ka taea e rātou, kaore hoki i te tahae i ngā mīkāplēheta me ngā takoha, kaore hoki i te tahae i ngā āhuatanga hirahira. Heoi anō, me whakaaro nui koe kia pai koe ki te whiriwhiria ngā pūpure kiriwhara kaha, inahea atu i ngā rautaki kua kitea e ngā rangahau he poroheke kei raro i aua pūpure kiriwhara, e whakapakaru ai tēnei ki te noho haumaru.

1.2 Ngā pūpure kohukohu: "kaihanga matua" me ngā paheko koretake

Kei raro i ngā rauemi whānui mō ngā pūpure kohukohu he polipropelēn (PP) me te sileen. Kei aherea ētahi atu mahi i tenei wa i te whakahoki "kaua e takotoria te bisifenola A (BPA)".

• Polipropelēn (PP): Ka tae ki ngā pūtōto whēi, he maha ngā tangata e mohio ana ki te polypropylene (PP), kua noho tēnei i te utu plastic material. Hei aha, kei a koutou te mōhio? Kua kitea e ngā rautaki, i ia wa e whakamahi ana ngā pūtōto whēi PP ki te hāpai whēi, e āhei ana tēnei ki te tahitia atu i te 16 million microplastics me te trillion o nanoplastics i roto i te liter whēi! Ko te mea nui anō, ko te urupa o te wai, ko te nui o te microplastics e tahitia nei. Hei tauira, i te wā e hāpai ana i te whēi i te wai urupa 25℃, ka tahitia e te pūtōto whēi PP i te 600,000 microplastics; engari ki te huri ki te wai paihere 95℃, ka piki ake tēnei tau ki te 55 million! He mea nui rawa atu hei whakaū, e tahitia ana ngā pūkaiahi me ngā kaiwhakauru kai PP i te nui o ngā microplastics, kaore he "mate" kotahi tenei ki ngā pūtōto whēi.
• Plastic kore BPA: Ahakoa i te mea he nui ngā whenua e pānuitia ana i te whakamahinga o te BPA i roto i ngā kōpane tamariki, ka noho ēnei rūma ki ngā "tukanga atu" pērā i te bisphenol S (BPS) me te bisphenol F (BPF), he mea nui rawa pea te uaua mō te hauora, ka taea hoki e rātau te tahutahu mai i ngā rūma ki te wai kōkī. Kua kitea i ngā raraunga, ko ngā rima tekau maha o ngā rūma, ina whakapae he "kore BPA", ka tīmata hoki te tahuri i ngā rarangi mea hirahira ake i mua i te hoka, te whakawhitiwhiti aoao rā, arā ko te whakatata ki te rā.
• Tikanga atu o ngā mea hangarua: Ākona i te BPA me ōna "tukanga atu", ka taea e ngā kōpane kore BPA te tahutahu i ngā mea pērā i ngā phthalates, ka whakamomori tonu i te rangitahi tamariki me te whakaaro pai ki te hauora. He mea hokohoko hoki he rara mea kotahi kaore i mohio nei, pērā i te polyethersulfone (PES) me te polyamide (PA), ka taea hoki e rātau te tahutahu i ngā mea kāore i te pai mō ngā tamariki.

1.3 Nga kōpane i waenganui: tētahi taonga iti, engari he oranga

I ngā tūmomo kōura me te kākara, he nui noa atu ngā poaka "taonga" nei, e mōhio ana ki te pai ake mō ngā mātua e whai ana i te haumaru:

• He mea nui ngā poaka inoxia, pērā i te "Tangata Fehu" o ngā poaka waina, e roa tonu ana i a koe. Ki te kore e tu kei raro i te whenua e kai ana i te tamaiti, ka noho tonu ia, ā, ka mutu ka whakamahana hei aha moe. Inaianei, ka hangaia i te 304 inoxia e ai ki te kai, ka kore he mea hāngai e āhei ana ki te whakawehenga i ngā tamariki, penei i te bisphenol A, te polivinil klorida me ngā totohi, ā, penei i te melamine rānui me te pūoro, ko te mea nui he haumaru tonu mō te whakamahi e ngā tamariki!
• He mea mīharo ngā poaka silineonā, pērā i ngā hoa "makariri me te kaiwhakaawe", e haukainga ana i te hau, ka kitea e te tamaiti ki te kawe, ka noho tonu ia ki te kore e tu ana, ā, kaore i te kore e tu ana i waenganui i ngā tekau tau. Ko te mea nui rawa he tino mīharo, ka taea te tahuri i te wai kua māuiui, ka taea hoki te whakamahana, ā, ka taea hoki te "maetae" me te maetae i roto i te hātea, kaore i te kore e whakaputu mai ana i ngā mea hāngai i waenganui i te katoa o te mahi.

1.4 Ngā mirikaroro iti kua kai nei e ngā tamariki me ngā āwhina hei whakatika i a rātou

He tirotiro whenua o te ao tonu e whakaatu ana, ki ngā paearu hōhonu o te Tira Hauora o te Ao (WHO), ka taea e tētahi tamaiti 12 marama e kai ana i te hunga matekai, e taea ana e ia e kai i te nui atu i 1 million o ngā mirikaroro iti i te rangi! He mea rawakore rawa anō heoi, e rerekē ana ngā tamariki i waenganui i ngā wāhi, he rerekē ngā taumata o ngā "mate". Hei tauira, ko ngā tamariki o Te Moana-nui-ā-Kiwa, Rāwhiti me Uropi, he nui rawa atu ngā taumata o ngā mirikaroro iti i roto i a rātou. Ki te kite i tēnei, kei hea te tangata kāore i pōhara! Kaua e whakapīrahia! I runga i tēnā, i tēnā noa, ki te whakarite i a rātou ngā āhuatanga mo te kai matekai me te whakamātau, ka taea e koe te āwhina i a rātou kia kai iti i ngā mirikaroro iti. Ko te Tira Hauora o te Ao (WHO) i whakamohio mai ki a tātou i ēnei whakaaro, ka taea e koe i tēnei pai:

• Whakamātau i te pūpure ki ngā paearu o te WHO me te whakawheawehea naturally.
• Tautuhia te wai whakamātau i roto i tētahi kāpia kāore i te pora.
• Hokiwhakamurihia te pūpure takitahi neke atu i te toru me te wai whakamātau i te werawera.
• Whakamahia wai i te uara 70°C ki roto i tētahi kōpū kāore i te pākete hei whakarite i te paoa, whakanuitia ki te uku o te whenua, ā, māuiuitia ki runga i tētahi pūpure matatika.

Nā, whakawhitiwhiti atu i ngā mahi e whai ake nei:

• Kaua e whakamahia i te paoa i whakaritea ki runga i tētahi kōpū pūpure (inā ka whai i te mīkroweivaki).
• Kaua e whiuwhiu raweke te pūpure.
• Kaua e whakamahia i te horoi whatitiri hei whakapai i ngā pūpure.

Tentena koe ki te horoi i te pūpure i tō ringa rānei, ki te hāngai i muri i te whakamahi i te whare horo pūpure, hei pānga iti i te pānga o te uara matatu ki te pūpure. Mōhiohia he mea nui te pā o te whiuwhiu mekanikina ki te pūpure i te wā o te whakarite i te paoa hei whakahau i te tahae o ngā mikropūpure! Ināianei ko ngā pouaka pūpure hei whakarite i te paoa anō hoki e kawe ana i ngā mikropūpure. He tamariki e inu ana i te paoa mai i ngā pūpure e kai ana i te 160 waenga atu o ngā mikropūpure i a te pakeke!

2. Whakamātau tonu, whakamahi, me te taumata o te horoiranga

Hei aha, me pēhea te whakaritea i te pūpure, me te wāhi i te wā e hiahia ana koutou katoa ki te whiriwhirihia he pūpure.

2.1. Te whanake me te uiui o te whakarereke

Ki te tirohia te "whiuwiu" o ngā pūpure tamariki, kāore i te iti ngā āhuatanga tuatahi ki ngā raraunga kē! Ka tuhitia ai te kiriware borosilicate i runga i te "arikirangi o te kaiwhiuwiu" i roto i te whenua o ngā pūpure tamariki. He nui ake tana whiuwiu i te kiriware mōrena, ā, he iti noa iho te whiuwiu o te kiriware tomo i tēnei tūranga. Kāore anō he mea nā runga i te wā e taea ana e ia te whiuwiu - ki te hokihoki mai ki te whenua e tamarikitia ana, rānei, ki te paheko ki tētahi mea nui, ka taea e te kiriware borosilicate me te kiriware tomo te whakamatakaka, koia nei ka mate. Heoi anō, kāore he mea nā runga i te wā e taea ana e ia te whiu nui!

Kei te hiahia koe ki te whakatōpu i te pūpū kākara "itikitiki"? Me tīmata koe ki te whakapai "kitenga hoa" mōna! Whakapai koe i te kawe kākara porohita, kāore anō he mea nui te kino ki te karo i a koe, mēnā ka riro atu ki te whenua e hoki ana, ka taea e te kawe porohita te whakahē o te kaha, pērā i te pūhanga hau, me te iti haere i te pūtake o te kōpikopiko. Ki konei, ka āhei koe ki te whakaaro nui i ngā taumata kākara o ngā pūpū kākara, me te iti i ngā momo kōwhiringa pūpū, e mahi ake nei hei tiaki i tō tamaiti~

2.2. Ngā take me te wāhi whakamahi

Ngā pātī mirirō he nui ake rawa i ngā pūpū porohita. Mēnā kei te hiahia koe ki te whakawhiti i tō tamaiti ki te inu wai i roto i tana pūpū pūmau, ka ēhea rawa ake ngā pūpū porohita ki te whakamahi.

2.3. Te whakapai me te whakamaomao

Pūtōmata kiriware: kāore i te waeawe me ngā pūmau kia noho, nui rawa te whakarite me te whakamahana. Kāore i tino hiahia ki te whakamahana i te urupa roa, ka whai wātea ki te wai mōhio me te whakarere pūtōmata hei whakarere i a ia, ko te kuuku anō ka whakamahana i raro i te wai warewarei. Ka taea te whakamahana i te wai wareware, te whakamahana ā-hara e te pūnaha waewae.

Pūtōmata porohita: hiahia ki te whakamahana i te urupa roa, heoi, ki reira, nui ake te matekai kia noho tonu, kētia rawa te whakamahana, nui rawa ki te waeawe, me te tuhinga whakauru i runga i te waehanga.

2.4. Whiuwhiu ki te urupa

Ko te kiriware whakatika he mea "tamariki hōhā i te iti" kei roto i te ao o ngā pūpure. Ki te whai ake ia i te hātea me te wai mārie, ki te kawe noa atu i te wai kirikiri nui, koia anō ka taea e ia te haere tonu me te kino raweke ki te whati. Ahakoa he pai raweke hoki te kiriware whakamahana, ka ea te "whakapae" me te whati i te paunga ā-wāhi whakamahana, penei i te whakatakoto i te wai huna i muri i te kawe i te wai mahana.

Heoi, he iti nei te "pēhitanga" o ngā pūpure kiriware - he pai nui hoki rātou ki te "whakawehi i te mahana"! Ka noho nui te tinana o te pūpure i muri i te whakamahana i te wai mahana. I mua i te whangai i tō tama, me maumahara koe kia whakamatauria te waehu me te ringa maru tuatahi, ranei ko te whakauru i tetahi kawe kaweao me te whakahapa mahana. Kia kore koe e whiwhi mai iho, me tiaki koe i a koe e hara i ō ringa~

3. Uruoho me te tohu taiao

Nā te haumanu me te pūmau tonu, ko ngā tohu ā-tauoho me te whakarite ā-waiū he mea nui hoki kia whakaaro.

3.1. Whakauru moni: te kīanga i waenganui i ngā tōpana iti nei i te wā e tae ana me ngā hua maha ki muri

• Utu tuatahi: nā ngā poaka inu iringa e whai ana i te utu tuatahi matihiko
  Ko te utu kī tonu mo ngā poaka inu iringa ka whai ake i te 20%-30% i runga i te utu o ngā poaka inu rereke, he mea nui noa iho tēnei hei utu mo ngā whakawhiti take i te wa tuatahi. Hei tauira, ka whakaputu atu he porowhita 500 o ngā poaka inu, ka kitea he $800 ka whai ake te utu o te whakamahi i te iringa koromiko i runga i te PP rereke.
• Utu whai muri: te kīanga moni whakaiti o ngā poaka inu iringa
  Iti noa te wehewhenua: ka whai ngā poaka inu iringa i te wā 3-5 tau ki te kore e paihere ana, ā, ka whai tonu hei whakamahi mō te tamariki tuarua rānei, tamariki tuatoru; engari ko ngā poaka inu rereke ka hokona i ia tau ki te wehe i ngā karu me te huringa i ngā hau, ka whai ngā utu whakamahi muri i te 40% i runga i te utu o ngā poaka inu iringa.
• Utu taonga whakatutuki: Ahakoa kua hiahia koe ki te whakarite i tētahi kākano whakamahana momori (e whai ake ana he 5% i te utu), ka nui ake te tūmomo o te whakaaetanga i runga i ngā pūtake o ngā pūpure me ngā karapi e whakakahoretia neke atu i te wā.
• Te whakatutuki i te uara i te muri: Kei te nui ake te āheinga o ngā pūpure kahurangi, ko te taupānga rānei, ko te tuku rānei. Ko ngā raraunga o te paereta o te Tiriti o Eoropa e whakaatu ana ko te utu i te muri e taea ana e 30%, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i te utu tuatahi i te whakapae.
• Te whakahaere kaiwhakarite i ngā mea rerekē: te mōhiohio o te whakauru pai me te utu
  Kei te whakamahi i te ture whakauru nei kei roto i ngā toa whānau me ngā tamariki: ‘pūpure mō te whare + momori mō te haere ki waho’: kei te whare, kei te whakapae tonu ki te pai, kei te haere ki waho, kei te whakaiti i te utu. Ka whai ake te take kotahi o te kaimahi e 15%, ahakoa ka whai ake te huringa o ngā mea kaiwhakarite e 20%.

3.2. Te tohu taiao: tētahi whakawā whakamutunga mai i te raetiwhara ki te urupa

Te taha pūnaha: te pakanga i waenganui i te whakamahiti me ngā wheako

• Ngā kara moa wai: Ākona he haumaru noa i te taiao ngā matū tahua, pērā i te mānganui me te karu oneone, engari ko te whakamahi āhua o ngā umu matatini i te 1500℃, ka toru ngā rahi ake o ia tonne ki ngā rauhī. Ko ngā wheako kanoni o ia tonne o ngā kara moa wai e huringa ana i te 4.3kg CO2, e tae ana ki ngā wheako o te motokā e haere ana i te 20 kirokilo.
• Ngā kara moa wai porowhita: Tono atu ki te PP hei tauira, ko te whakamahi i te huringa iti, engari ko ngā matū i kitea mai i te tatai pūniho, ka puta 21% o ngā kara moa wai porowhita i ngā rerekētanga rūmatua pērā i te BPS, e taea ana e te whakamātau ture REACH o te EU.

Te hokohoko me te whakaorangorongo: te take o te manaaki me te whitiwhiti

Ko ngā pū wai tamariki kara e nui ana ngā manaaki i waenganui i ngā pū wai porowhita, e whitu tekau ngā rahi. E hoki ana tēnei ki te iti i te nuinga o ngā mea e taea ana ki te whakapakari i roto i tētahi kaihokohoko — kotahi rima ngā mea anake — me te whakarerekētia ngā utu hokohoko i te 35%. He nui te whakamutunga i runga i tō tāu.

Ko te whakawhiti anō he mea nui. Kāore te whakawhiti mona o ngā pūtē plastic hei pai, ko te āheinga whakawhiti i raro i te 21%, ko ngā 60% e tae ana ki te poraka, e whakarite ana i te nuinga o te tiaki whenua. Ki runga hoki i te whiwhinga o ngā pūtē wai kiri, ka taea te whakawhiti i roto i ngā wā, engari i te mōhio mai rānei, ka nui ake te utu whakatere, ko ēnei katoa ka whakamutu i te hiahia o ēnei whakawhitinga kia mau. I te kīnaki matāwareware, me whakauru ngā tātai nei!

Whakaaturanga whakatau: Whakatū whakaaetanga materiale mo ngā rorohiko tino rerekē

Ki roto i ngā whakatau hanga i te ao, ko ngā rerenga ranei o ngā hiahia i waenganui i ngā rorohiko tino rerekē, me hanga whakautu pai ai ngā take materiale:

Mō te kāwanatanga matua o ngā raraunga taiao, he mea tuatahi te pūhā karawahi mō ēnei. Ahakoa iti rawa te utu i te tīmata, ka taea e te wāhi whaihua i waenganui i te 30-50% ki te whakauki i te whakangao. Tērā pea ko te hiahia kia whiwhi mai i te tohu FDA kore pirita hei tukuna i ngā hiahia haumaru mō ngā kaiarahi matua; mō te kāwanatanga nui o ngā mea kai noho haere, he pai rawa ake ngā pūhā karawahi nei, e pānuitia ana ngā raupatu herehere i waenganui i te 40% i runga i ngā pūhā karawahi, engari me whakarite i mua ngā purengi whakaaro mō te BPA/BPS kore pirita hei whakahoki ki ngā hiahia haumaru mō te oranga; ā, mō ngā kāwanatanga hou e whai ana i te taiao, he pai rawa ngā whakaaetanga poroiti - e whakapakiri ana i ngā āhuatanga haumaru o ngā pūhā karawahi me te kaweake i te whakamahere o ngā pūhā karawahi, ā, me whai wāhi tonu ki ngā whakahou o ngā ture moemoeā mō ngā raraunga whakaoranga anō hoki.

I te take whakarongo ki te taiao o 'Are Glass Baby Bottles Better Than Plastic', kaore he mea tika matua, kaore he mea hē matua, koia nei he whakaritenga rawa i te awhina i te paerewa. Ahakoa kei te whakaaro koe i te whai i te ara matua mo ngā pūpū karerei kōura rānei, nō reira ka taea e mātau te tautoko i runga i ngā raraunga katoa mai i te aromatawai o te wā o te ao o te LCA ki te whakamahia i nga tohutoro aniwaniwa, ā, me āwhina i a koe ki te kite i te mana motuhake i roto i te whenua whakatipuranga.

4. Nga mihi matua o te kirihi Minghang hei kaiwhakarite

Ki te kite koe i te hunga whakapono hei kaiwhakarite mo nga pūpū karerei i te whakahaere B2B, ka haere atu Minghang ki te awhina i to mahi me ona mana 6 matua.

4.1. Whakahaere waenganui hei whakaae i te haumanu

Ko Minghang e mohio ana he mea nui te haumaru o ngā kōwhitiwhiti whaea me te tamariki hei ara mo te tohu. Mai i te tirohanga i ngā matū koiri borosilicate ki te tirohanga i ngā hapa PP plastic, ka tiakina nei i ia waahanga o te wā katoa, hei whakamana i te mea ko ngā kōwhitiwhiti e pai ana i ngā tohutōnga FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) rānei ko ngā tohutōnga EU CE. Ināianei, mō te whakaaro nui ake o ngā paunga "Kei te pai ngā pūpū whare i runga i te koiri i te pūpū whare i runga i te plastic", ka mahi tētahi whakamataki āhuarangi mō te mea kāore i te wherawhera ā-aha o te koiri rānei ko te momo takoha microplastic o te plastic, kia whai wānga rawa te haumaru o ō kōwhitiwhiti i roto i te kāinga utu.

4.2. Whakangungu hangarau whanui, e hoa mai nei i te whare whakaaro mō ō mahi taunaki

Ko tātou kāore i whai noa i te rauemi kōura pūkohu katoa, pērā i te kōura pūkohu o te borosilicate me te kōura pūkohu o te tempered, engari he maha hoki ngā whiringa, pērā i te plastik PP/PPSU kore BPA me te silicone matatika-kaika. Ki te 15 tau o te whakamātau i ngā momo kōura, ka taea e mātau te whakatakoto pai i runga i tōu tuhinga awhiwhinga: Kei te hiahia koe ki te torotoro i ngā ara taiao matua i te Uropi? Ko te āhuatanga haumaru o ngā pūpū kōkī kōura he ara whakamua; kei te whai take koe i te wāhanga nui i te Tawhiti Kīngitanga, nō reira ko ngā pūpū kōkī plastik hīnaki iho me te hanga kaweke kaweke he pai utu - whakamahi i ngā rautaki pai whanonga mahi ki te whakamātau i ngā momo kōura.

4.3. Te wehi R&D e kite ana i te huringa, e aronui ana i te wāhanga i waenganui

Ko te kaihanga rangahau me te whakangungu a Minghang ka whai wāhi tonu i te tatauranga hangarau i roto i te marae o te kai ā-pēpi: mō te pūtake o te mate kikino nui a te pūtaiwhenua, kei a mātau i whakapakari he kupenga patiki matū whakamahia hei whakaiti i te āhuatanga o te korenga ki te 70%; mō te huringa whakawā i ngā pūnui plastic, kei a mātau i takoto ai tuatahitia nanomete ki te whakaiti i te tahuri o ngā pūnui ki te 90%. Tēnā whakaaro rangahau o 'whakatakoto i mua i ngā hiahia kai' e taea ana te whakarite i tō koutou mahi ki te ao hei noho i raro i te 3-6 marama.

4.4. Ngā ratonga whakatatūtaiahere anō ki te hanga i ngā mahi whakanui tērā

Ki te hītanga o te pūhāki ki te whakaputa kaiwhakaata, ki te pūpūtanga whatu me te tirohanga whakamahara, ki te mahi pātai i te ngutu whakaiti iwi me te whakangungu pakipaki, tautokohia ana e mātau te tūtohu waimārama i te 1,000. Kua hanga mātau i ngā pūhāki kākāriki me ngā puapua rere ā-wāhi mō ngā mihinare o te Wāhine me te hanga i te kēmu kāore i te kawe kai katoa mō ngā raupapa kai a te Tiamana. Ko tēnei āhua "whakatūhia i te hiahia kāwanatanga" he mea nui hei whakapono i te whakapae kai ki runga i ngā rauemi.

4.5. He kauhanganui kuhu whenua, ko te whakapono ki te tuku i te wā

10 rauemi hanganga matihiko + raraunga pūnaha mōhio kia tiakina ngā paihē 20-foot hei whakahokia i roto i te 72 waeha. I te tau whaihua, i te wā tirohanga, ka whakauru tonu mātou i ngā moemoeā wai kōpara 30,000 mō ngā hunga kaimahi i te Māhea Iti. Ki runga i te whakatere ā-tawāhi o te huarere + te haere whenua, ka whakamutu i a rātou 2 rā i mua i te rā kawe konukonu. Ko tēnei āhua whakarite take takiwā ko tā mātou mana motuhake ki te tautoko i ngā kaimahi tuatahitia.

4.6. Ngā tohunga whakatika raupapa he aha e āwhina ana koe ki te tātari i te pūtake-whakaiti

Ki te whakamahi i te hangarau tiaki i te wai kura, kua heke i te utu whakaputa hei pūhiko kiriwhara e 18%; ko te hoko nui i ngā mīhini kōri kua torotoro i te utu e 12% nei i raro i te rangahau o te whenua. Ki te whakaaetanga i te tatauru o 5,000, ka wheako te koha ki ngā pūhiko kiriwhara a Minghang i runga i te kākano borosilicate i $4,500 tonu i runga i ngā kaiwhiwhi rite, ā, ka taea e tō mātou "momo utu noho" te whakaatu ki ngā kaiwhakaae whakamutunga, ahakoa te utu tuatahi mo ngā pūhiko kiriwhara nui, ko te utu iti i roto i te tauhere 3 tau ka 37% iti rawa atu i te kiri.

Whakamutunga

Whakatika i te kōnae mahi o "Kei a Pūhiko Kiriwhara e Rangona ana i te Kiri Aroha"

Ki te whakatau i ngā whiringa materiale, karekau he kanohi whai take ranei, he take pai ranei, koia nei he whakanui i ngā hiahia tiketake:

• Rārangi haumaru: Nō te mea kāore i te whakawhiti ā-huareo, he wāhi nui 30-50% mō ngā pūtake matua o Uropi rānui me Amerika i runga i ōna āhuatanga. Kua whaiwhaitia te hanganga kiriwarekirewi kore-a-Minghang i te whakamātau tino pai a LFGB o Tiori.
• Raraunga whakaari: Kei te hanga ngā papa kōkōwai PPSU mātou i te rauemi hōhonu, e āhei ana ki te kaihua i te waewae 120℃, ko te rahi anake 1/5 o te kiriwarekirewi, e tika ana hei whakarite tonu mō ngā raraunga tuku whenua ki waho.
• Raraunga tiaki taiao: Ko ngā āhuatanga whakauru kore-kāwanatanga o ngā papa kōkōwai kiriwarekirewi, e whai ai i te whakaaturanga 'Te Ratonga Hōu a te PE' o te UE, ko ngā papa kōkōwai PLA e whai ana i te whakautu i te kawe puta nei i te raupapa kai hoko tirohanga o Olanda.

Ko Minghang, kāore i te mea he whakarite mahi tuatahi anake, engari he hoa hokinga hoki i a koe ki te tirohia ngā hiahia o te whare mārama. Ahakoa ka hiahia koe ki te whakamahi i ngā paepae tapu whenua o ngā pūtōki kiriwhara rānei, he āheinga matihaki tēnā mō ngā pūtōki kiriwhara, e āhei ana tātou ki te tautoko iho i ngā huarahi katoa mai i te tohu iwi, whakatūhanga utu ki te tirohanga i ngā horopaki huringa - hei whakaora i te whakapae "He pai rawa te Pūtōki Kiriwhara i te Kiri?" hei uiui ā-wāhi whai mana mo to whakahaere ā-mutunga.